Non Traditional Security Threats

Non-Traditional Security Threats

In the evolving landscape of maritime and coastal security, not all threats arise from conventional state-based conflicts. Non-traditional security challenges have emerged as some of the most pressing concerns of the 21st century. These threats often transcend national borders, intertwine with environmental and socio-economic issues, and directly impact both national security and human security.

For a country with an extensive coastline of over 11,098.81-kilometre, India’s coastal and maritime zones face unique vulnerabilities. From climate-induced disasters and illegal maritime activities to resource depletion and human trafficking, these threats demand innovative, multi-dimensional solutions.

Key Non-Traditional Security Challenges in the Maritime Domain

Climate Change & Environmental Degradation
Rising sea levels, coastal erosion, ocean acidification, and extreme weather events pose significant risks to coastal communities and critical infrastructure. These environmental threats are slow-moving yet deeply destabilising, affecting livelihoods, security, and long-term sustainability.
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing
Unregulated fishing practices undermine marine biodiversity, disrupt local economies, and create competition over scarce resources. This not only weakens ecological balance but also heightens the risk of maritime conflicts and livelihood insecurity.
Maritime Crime & Trafficking Networks
Piracy, human trafficking, smuggling, and narcotics trade exploit the porous and under-monitored maritime borders. These activities weaken governance structures, endanger coastal populations, and strain national security mechanisms.
Cyber security in Maritime Infrastructure
With the increasing digitisation of ports, shipping, and surveillance networks, cyber-attacks have become a major security challenge. Disruptions in these critical systems can paralyse trade and compromise national security.
Health and Biosecurity Risks
Coastal regions are often the first points of contact for Trans boundary disease transmission through shipping and migration. Strengthening biosecurity protocols is essential to prevent future health emergencies